Te Kopara 37 /38
[3] Te Kopara, Number 37 / 38, Gisborne, 15 November, 1916.
‘Iti te Kopara, kai takirikiri ana i runga i te Kahikatea.’
Although the Bellbird is small, he plucks at the Kahikatea. [cf Nga Pepeha 908]
LIFE HEREAFTER.
By W Tureia Puha, Uawa.
Chapter 1 - ‘I’.
It is right and valid that we should seek out and discuss and be concerned about the nature of our life hereafter. Many of us, Maori and also Pakeha, are not eager to think about this matter. Therefore I had the idea of teaching and explaining this great matter so as to stir up our hearts to look ahead.
‘I.’ This word is not absent from our speech from morning until evening: I did it: I will do it: That is something I must do: I want: I thought: I loved: I was naughty: I remember: I go: I forgot: and we use that word in other statements.
What does this word ‘I’ refer to? Some may say that this is a misguided question. ‘I’ refers to me standing here in my clothes talking to you and visible to you. This answer is wrong; indeed it is misguided. This word has a different and deeper meaning.
1. Perhaps my body is this ‘I’. Not so! I know that my body is just a covering, like the clothes that cover the body but are not themselves the body. I know that this is a body which is not always the same; each day, each night there come about changes to the body, to the things that make up the body, apart from the food. At times the body is strong, at times it is weak, at times the body grows, at times it declines. Thoughtful people know that ‘I’ is the essential part within the body. The eyes are its window through which it looks outside; the ears are the paths by which others speak to it. It is the ruler of the body; the body belongs to it – my body is hurting; my body is weak. So we see that ‘I’ is not the body of the person we see but the essential person within, which we cannot see with our eyes.
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2. Perhaps my brain is this ‘I’. Not so. The brain is that from which emerge a person’s many thoughts; it is the commander who orders the legs, the hands and other parts of the body to work. Like the body it is not something unchanging but it disappears with the body when the person dies. It is not the brain that is the source of thoughts – that is the thing that lies behind at work. What is that thing? That thing is ‘I’ It is the origin of all thoughts and the brain is its servant. ‘I’ and the brain are like a person and his instrument. If there is a piano making music in the house we know that a person is playing it. Likewise the brain is ‘I’s’ instrument. The brain is a very important thing for a person; it is the head of all parts of the body; but there is that which is superior to it – the ‘I’. So we see that the brain is not ‘I’; there is something beyond it.
3. If neither the body nor the brain is ‘I’ what is this ‘I’? This is the most important thing of all in all our thoughts and desires. This is the thing that distinguishes me from other people. The animals do not have it. This ‘I’ is without changes and without ending. The ‘I’ of twenty years ago is the same as the one now. This ‘I’ does not just exist for this life only but it goes on even though the body dies. The Bible says, ‘Then the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and the man became a living Soul.’ [Genesis 2.7] When the Lord made the body it had no power to move or speak or do anything, but when God breathed into him the breath of life the body and all its parts received strength. Therefore this ‘I’ will not die and will not come to an end for it is that Living Soul. This Soul comes from God and is like God. ‘Then God said, “Let us make humankind in our image, according to our likeness.’ [Genesis 1.26] God is not speaking of a person’s body here; were that the case we would be able to see God, since we see our own bodies. It is the Soul of which God speaks. God made the body but the Living Soul is something that he has placed within the body. It is this Living Soul which is this ‘I’.
(To be continued.)
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ROMANIA.
There is intense fighting between Germany and Romania. At times Romania prevails and at times it has retreated but the retreats have been well-managed. Germany is determined to defeat Romania because it is a country which produces wheat in abundance and other foods and it is an important part of Europe for its oil wells.
But it is said that although Germany has taken parts of Romania the relieving Russian army will return all. The German armies are making strong progress in their attack on Romania and the Romanians have had to retreat but they are doing this in good order. New is that there are three places on the banks of the River Danube where the German have crossed and this would appear to spell defeat for Romania. But the latest news is that the Romania despair has lifted because they have managed to keep the many divisions of the Germans and Bulgarians engaged and the Russians have arrived to help them and that in the north the Germans are being driven back. The Bulgarian army tried to cross over but with the aid of Russia they were prevented from crossing at that time and then they fled. The situation with Romania now is that they are on the good side, and Russia says that there will be no more trouble on the Danube.
THE FALL OF ROMANIA.
Recent news of the war in these days tells of the fall of Romania to the Germans. This is bad news for the Allies because it is not long since Romania joined them and because its allies were not quick to fight against the hoards of Germany, Bulgaria and Austria. The outcome for Romania is that its land, its food, its oil wells, its trains, along with its people, have been seized. Now the defensive line for Germany has been narrowed on this side; the front they have to guard has been reduced to 300 miles.
However, although Romania has fallen, Russia had not gone back on its idea, not to keep moving forwards but to come at the German army from behind and so it was a long time before it reached Romania and not before its capital had been taken by the Germans.
As a result of the defeat of Romania by Germany it is thought that there may be difficulties on the Italian front even though Italy is inside Austria and fighting on, insofar as the German army has come together with the single idea of fighting against Italy only.
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GREECE.
At this time Greece is in turmoil with the Government side, the side of the King of the Greeks, wanting to attack a party led by Venizelos that want to join with the Allies; some houses have been broken into. As a result of a communication from the Allies to the Greek King things are peaceful. The King said to his officers that they should be at peace and maintain the honour of Greece. The Greeks handed over their guns and ammunition.
The division in Greece between the people and the Government came about when Venizelos said that they should fight Germany for the sinking of one of their ships and because of the attitude of Bulgaria to those Greeks who were aiding the Allies.
The Greek side is very troubled now and those Greeks loyal to the King started a gun battle. Twenty-nine of them were killed and fifty-four wounded. Forty-nine of the French were killed and ninety-seven wounded. The fighting ended when the French warships fired their guns. Admiral Fournet demanded of the King of the Greeks that they hand over their weapons of war. The Americans have received a request from King Constantine for help saying that the Allies have a policy of working to involve Greece in the war. This statement is wrong and Greece is dependent on one of the powers at war. And Greece will not agree with Admiral Fournet’s demand that it hand over all its munitions. If America and the neutral countries do not come to its aid the outcome for Greece will be bad. Therefore Greece made the appeal to America for help and condemned the policy of the Allies.
What the Greeks have done in supporting their King has been very bad. Those who supported the Allies were lured by their King, along with the French and English soldiers, and then fired upon. Those Greeks in high positions who had joined this side were rounded up by the King and put in prison, and the newspapers said that his actions were like those of a dog going about sniffing for food.
It is known what the King of Greece is doing; he is working secretly on an excuse for fighting the Allies. However he is proceeding deceitfully so that he is fully prepared and also waiting until the German armies under General Mackensen get near Serbia, and then he will launch his attack on the Allies.
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WAR NEWS.
Serbia at this time.
On 19th of this month the Allies went in and recaptured the Serbian town of Monastir. It had been taken by the Germans on 5th December last year and occupied by Bulgaria. This was one of the important Serbian towns in the south-west taken by Germany with the seizure of 60,000 people. Germany’s idea was to take control of this town from which they could move on nearby Salonika in Greece. Bulgaria also thought to go and take the small Greek town of Florina but it was not long before they were turned back by the Allies.
The Germans and Bulgarians made a confused retreat as they ran on seeing the Allies advancing and many prisoners were captured and much booty taken. The sound of the exploding mines was heard before the Allies entered the town. Prince Alexander was leading the Serbian army when it entered the fort.
‘As cold waters [in summer] to a thirsty soul’ was the news received by the Serbians in London and France that Germany and Bulgaria had retreated and that this town of theirs, Monastir, the gateway to Macedonia, had been recovered.
The English on the Western Front.
News is that the English are making strong advances in the Ancre district and have taken Beaumont Hamel and Beaucourt. The heavens were not very kind when the English charged through the mist, but the precision of their instructions and the cautiousness of their advance enabled them to overcome the enemy. After a single charge Beaumont Hamel fell. There was not a single house to be seen here; all had been demolished and only the defences stood. But the Germans in their shrewdness had dug some 80 feet under the ground where they build a large town, thinking it would not be found by the Allies. The English fought in the same way at Beaucourt and many prisoners were taken.
This battle carried on from 14th November until 18th despite the terrible conditions and the rain, and the number of German prisoners taken was 6962 and more than 15,000 died.
According to some newspapers this was one of the major victories in the area of the Somme, and if not, then since the start of the war.
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A LETTER FROM ENGLAND.
Amongst the things Sir Timi Kara said in his letter to some friends in Gisborne, he said:
‘Perhaps I shall be talking to you at great length and will only exhaust everything after many nights of talking. My travels have taken me all around the Kingdom I I have attended all sorts of meeting to which I’ve been invited.
We visited the munitions factories and saw more than 50,000 women working in those buildings.
We saw the departure of Admiral Beatty’s fleet or warships. We went on board the New Zealand where those on board performed their haka to celebrate my arrival and I was surprised at the excellence of their haka. The Captain told me that they worked hard at learning well their haka to show that they were different from the other warships and their crews; and to show the character of the New Zealand as she went to the three close battlefields. They said that the reason why the New Zealand was so powerful was their protector, the carved tekoteko on the mast above one of the great guns. They truly believe “they are on the knees of the gods” and if they do not transgress some sacred commands they will be strong under their mana.
We visited the tip of Scotland in the North and sailed from there from the wharf on which Lord Kitchener took his last steps on English soil before his death, and we arrived where Admiral Jellicoe’s fleet was assembled.
While we were in Glasgow we went to the ship-building yards and the factories where each part was made.
Our feet trod the troubled country of Ireland from the South to the North. We crossed to France to the two divisions of the armies of the French and the English and saw our young New Zealanders, spending two nights with them listening to the shells flying in the middle of the night. On the first day I went to see the groups of Maori and when they saw me I observed the tears on the faces of the men, and I was the same. Before long two hundred men emerged from the ranks at the back and performed their haka; it was as if I was seeing the performance of their ancestors in ancient times. All of them were well and bore themselves like warriors.’
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Russia has prepared 400,000 soldiers under Grand Duke Nicholas, the supreme commander for Russia-Romania, to go to the aid of Romania.
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THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT.
The English Government is facing serious problems brought about by the idea that it is not doing enough about the many ships that have been sunk by German submarines, and because of the ways in which the Allies have been treated deceitfully by the Greeks resulting in the shedding of English blood there, and – and this is the main reason – because the English have not been quick to help Romania when it was invaded by Germany; there are other reasons. As a result of the disputes amongst the ministers the Prime Minister, the Rt Hon H H Asquith KC, has resigned and the King has consented to his finishing. It was thought that perhaps Lloyd-George would take his place since he also was one of the members of Asquith’s ministry who resigned. It has been revealed that the King has called upon the Hon Bonar-Law to choose ministers for the new Government. And it is thought that if this is not settled it will be put to a vote of the people at large to ensure a government.
As a result of the resignation of Prime Minister Asquith the King asked Bonar-Law to choose a Government, and we have been informed that this has not been agreed and that now the King has asked Lloyd-George to form the new Government.
THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT.
Russia is in great turmoil and has not gone quickly to help Romania which is now being invaded by Germany and Bulgaria. Within its Government some of the ministers have been found to be sympathetic to Germany in their actions and in other ways, and in wanting to make a separate peace with Germany, and by deceitfully ensuring that the Russian army is far from Romania. It is thought that one of the reason why Greece has not agreed to enter the war is because it has received secret communications from Germany about the Russian ministers who are German sympathizers. When those ministers had been removed from the Russian Government and some fine men had been chosen in their places, then Russia took the appropriate steps and has gone to the aid of Romania. However it is not known if that aid will reach Romania or not since the Germans are now only ten miles from the capital city of Romania. The distance Russia has had to cover is more than one hundred miles from the border to the enemy as they travel to the aid of Romania, and to the area behind the German army which is nearing Bucharest, the capital of Romania, where they are fighting.
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THE GERMAN AIR-RAIDS ON ENGLAND.
On the night of 27th of this month the fleet of German Zeppelins flew to England destroying things as they went; there were small airships and large airships. It was not long before they were spotted by the search lights. The large guns opened up and in five minutes one of them met its end; it was seen from as far away as thirty miles engulfed in flames. Many people were watching as it fell into the sea. It was one of the large German Zeppelins. One of the large Zeppelins emerged from the intense barrage from the land and was chased by two small English airplanes out over the sea and before long it was seen to have been set on fire. This was the second large German Zeppelin to be destroyed that night. Some continued on their destructive way to other parts and the guns continued their firing. More than 100 bombs were dropped as they went with the sad results that one woman was killed instantly and five men, five women and children were struck, and 15 houses in the town were badly damaged and 20 suffered minor damage. No other places suffered like damage.
Germany was very distressed by the destruction in England brought about by its Zeppelins that reached there, but many of its Zeppelins were destroyed.
GERMAN SUBMARINES.
We have received news that the [kaua] of the work of the Germans in sinking ships has increased greatly. Recently we have received accounts of the sinking of a hospital ship, the Britannic, which was sailing to Thessalonika with 500 doctors and aids and also the crew of the ship of 625. The Germans said that it was torpedoed because there were actually soldiers on board; had it been known that there were no soldiers on board then, they said, it would not have been torpedoed. But it is very clear that Germany sank it. One hundred [sic] people died. [Wikipedia – 30] Not long after, another hospital ship was sunk. The [Perema Kahira] was sailing from Thessalonika to Malta with 400 casualties on board, however all the people except one were saved while ten were injured. Minesweepers and other ships took them to [Haira]. [No ship of this name or comparable event is listed in Wikipedia.]
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A meeting of returned soldiers was held in Napier. The object was to protest against the manager of one of the cinemas in Napier for not permitting a Maori soldier who had returned from the war to sit in the dress circle. It was a humiliating thing to happen to the soldier, although a Maori, and we appreciate that gesture.
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HMS NEW ZEALAND.
Part of HMS New Zealand was damaged in the fighting at sea last May and it was said that she should be sent to New Zealand so that her people could see that part. Now she has arrived. The Minister of War had the idea of showing her in the main cities of New Zealand – first Wellington, then Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin. It would be appropriate also if Maori could agree on a place where they could collectively honour the damage done to our warship which has now come to its people.
WAIKATO.
When the Minister of War (Hon. Allen) visited Waikato, he said:
‘You have here in Waikato some young men fit to go to war like other Maori who have gone. You have more than 100 to 1000 young men and yet only five have gone.
You know of the conscription law which has been imposed on the Pakeha, and I have authority to apply that law to you but it is my hope that that law will not be imposed on you. There are 1700 Maori and 45 officers have gone to the war and I am sad that so few from Waikato have enlisted, but I have heard that some of you have said, “Don’t find fault with the wish of the young people.” ‘
‘King’ Rata did not attend the hui and ‘Prime Minister’ Tupu Taingakawa was his spokesman there. In his response to the Hon Allen’s speech ‘Prime Minister’ Taingakawa referred to his troubles in recent times, and said that it was for the young men to decide whether or not they wanted to go.
There were present some of the Maori and Pakeha Members of Parliament and some platoons of Maori soldiers from the camp at Takapuna.
TEN THOUSAND MIGHTY MEN.
When Serbia fell last year and its land was taken by Germany, ten thousand of them fled to the mountains to live like hermits, but their flight to the mountains was so that they could continue to fight [ki Ahito] – Germany and Bulgaria. And recently they have captured a town called [Konimawata] beside the River Danube. The Germans are fighting to kill that remnant but have been unable to do so. A French plane has taken their General from Thessalonika along with the plans and he escaped on board the plane.
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OTHER NEWS
A church in Auckland named for All Saints celebrates its 50th Anniversary on 21st December. It has taken 23 years to renovate the steeple and it will be completed with the putting in place of the cross. Bishop Selwyn and Bishop Patteson and other ministered in this church at the beginning. The remarkable thing is that it has had only two permanent clergy; the first was the Rev E N Bree and when he finished in 1885 Archdeacon Calder took over. Two of the elderly women living in that parish attended the first service in the building.
From the beginning of this war when Maori of Te Arawa went, up to the present day, its young men have gathered there. And the elders today have that thought in mind. When the Minister for War visited Waikato a Rotorua elder, Mita Taupopoki, asked the Minister if he could go. He was told that he was too old to go and that it was not possible for him, now that fifty years had passed since he was a youngster, to carry a rifle under the flag of the ‘White Queen.’ This old man answered, ‘So, if I am not fit to carry a rifle I am good enough to guard prisoners.’ If the Minister was not able grant the elder’s request, he was able to say some words commending the eagerness of this elder in his thinking about the war.
An Auckland Maori, Tahi Wirihana, has been gaoled for 21 days. This was because he had dressed himself in military uniform and had gone about visiting [poringa] houses deceitfully. He was travelling on the boat to Whangarei when he was arrested. Then he said that he was going to Whangarei and would return. When he was arrested he said that he always wanted to go to the military camp at Takapuna and now he had been arrested. The insignia he had bought from a friend and had sewn them on his military uniform. The law came down on him for his deception of a [awhi-ringa] woman and for the three military insignia. The names he gave to people as he went about were Sergeant-Major Wilson and Sergeant-Major Cross.
‘They call out, “Spare me! I have a wife and ten children” (Kamerad; me have wife and ten children),’ writes a soldier from Oamaru in a letter home. ‘As I see it, these are Germans one should dispatch quickly, lest they happen to get back to Germany and have another ten children.’
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TE RAU COLLEGE.
These are the names of the men attending Te Rau College this year:
Ngapuhi: Wiremu Panapa, Hohaia Taurau, Pene Netana, Tepene Te Paa. Te Patuwai: Waewae Ratapahi, Wiremu Keepa. Ngatikahungunu: *Reretima Kerei, Wipere Mataira, Tamakahu Toroiwhiti. Ngatiraukawa: *Te Metera Aomarere. Ngatimanawa: Mate Wharehuia. Ngati Pukeko: Waata Kopae. Te Arawa: *Nepia Hotene. (*These are married.)
Two [sic] Te Rau College men are moving on and being ordained to the ministry this December: Te Metera Aomarere in the Diocese of Wellington and Mate Wharehuia and Waewae Ratapahi in the Diocese of Waiapu.
All the men who entered for the Pakeha Examinations passed: Grade IV, Part 2 – Rev Tamati Te Kanapu, Rev W Yureia Puha; Grade II – Wiremu Panapa, Waata Kopae.
BITS AND PIECES
These are the prices in some of the markets at this time. One ton of flour - £14/5/0 to £14/10/0. Corn – from 5/- a bushel. Box of kerosene – 9/4 to 12/-. Box of benzene – 21/- to 27/-. For sheep – 18/6 to 30/6. Cows - £10/15/0 to £23. Very good sheep – 36/- to 48/-.
The number of New Zealand Pakeha soldiers who have been taken prisoner since 11th November is: In Turkey – 32. In Germany – 15.
In the middle of this month Russia took 16 prisoners in the Sarny area, the crew of a super-Zeppelin which had been shot and had come down. Recently when the German ships launched an attack in the Gulf of Finland (Russia) six or nine very new and very fast German warships were sunk. It is indeed true that the wreckage was seen floating to shore.
The number of ships sunk by German submarines from 29th November to 3rd December was 51 in all. When Wilson became President of America he has spoken and cautioned Germany to stop sinking ships sailing in his waters. Perhaps President Wilson is waiting until the sea stinks of his American people and his ships have been sunk by Germany before taking action on his words of warning to Germany, and so that the world is blinded so that it mistakenly thinks that he is opposed to Germany. Wilson! Wilson!
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The Roll of Honour.
Died of Disease: Hemi Tepene. Seriously Ill: Corporal Anthony. Recovering well from wounds: Privates T Paora, K Te Kiri, W Wainohu, G T Donaldson, F Epiha, T Hokai.
Returning on the hospital ship which arrives in Wellington on 14th December: Sergeant Rakeipoho Peneti. Privates S Cotton, S O Frank, Te Aurahi Kora, J Morgan, A Winterburn, Hoani Rupene.
†††††
We have seen how the Germans go about sinking ships without determining if they belong to neutral nations. In the first two years of this war 79 Norwegian ships were torpedoed, a total of 125,225 tons. In the three following months 77 ships amounting to 110,869 tons were torpedoed and Norway alone has lost sailing ships amounting to 42,000 tons.
Six fast German warships sailed stealthily on the night of 23rd of this month into English waters. They were found by the English spy ships and followed. Then the fleet of German ships took flight. Twelve volleys were fired at them as they fled and disappeared.
The Italians are doing very well and have linked up their armies with those of the Allies. They are fighting along the west side of [Monata] and [Warona] has joined up with [Kerena] and is improving his roads.
The English have trampled on German soil in Belgium. News in the first days of December was that the English section in France was strong and that the Germans had taken ground to the south of Armentieres.
The country of Romania is about the size of Te Waipounamu and has a population of seven million.
During the Court Session at Kawhia four Maori were fined for selling alcohol. The judge said that this was a very disgusting case and that he would impose severe penalties if he came upon it again. Kerapa Ngahere was fined £20 and given two months in prison with hard labour; Johnny Poware was fined £10 and given one month in prison with hard labour; Tai Tewere was sentenced to pay £6 or spend one month in prison; George Inia was sentenced to pay £5 or spend one month in prison.
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It is said that when the Minister of Germany and Greece returned – because of the attitude of the Allies to Greece’s stance – King Constantine wept when he said farewell to the Austrian Minister. It was the same with the German Minister to whom he said, ‘The two of us will perhaps meet again.’
Some of the leading soldiers of the bodyguard of the King of Greece have gone to Thessalonika and have joined up on the side of Venizelos and the large section of the people who want Greece to join with the Allies.
Those responsible for the conduct of the war at sea have exchanged positions. Sir John Jellicoe has been appointed as the land-based Director (First Sea Lord), and Sir David Beatty as the Director of the Fleet at Sea.
The Russian Minister of War has said that if Germany continues to maltreat those Russians who have been taken prisoner as reports say, they will treat German prisoners in the same way in that they will deal out to them very severe punishments.
Although the remnant of the Serbian army still fighting is small they are very strong and fight like lions. In fighting beside the River [Kerena] just south of [Monata] which had been taken by the Serbians, the enemy devoted its strength to defeating Serbia. Although they charged and were in close contact, the Serbians did not budge so that the enemy was defeated and fled so that there was almost only a single German fighting against Serbia here.
AN EXPLANATION
Since this edition of our paper is coming out in the circumstances of the middle of summer, it was thought to publish the two numbers, November and December, in this edition of Te Kopara, hence the delay in the issuing of the November edition. – Editor.
A CAUTION.
We have received many complaints about our Kopara, saying that people have been deceived and their papers have not been sent. My friends, we are very careful about sending your papers and it may be that your post offices are at fault or that you have gone to another place.
Therefore it would be worthwhile to warn your postmaster not without authority to give your paper to someone else and that someone else should not without authority carry it to others. – Editor.
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RULES OF THE PAPER.
1. Te Kopara is published monthly.
2. The subscription for the paper is five shillings (5/-) a year paid by postal note or stamps.
3. Anyone wishing to take Te Kopara should send the money with the covering letter.
4. Articles are welcome from all parts of the country, but the Editor reserves the right to decide on what to print. Write clearly.
5. Address all letters to:
Te Kopara,
Te Rau,
Gisborne.
A NOTICE
To those wanting a Prayer Book or Hymn Book. I now have plenty of books. The prices are:
Large, soft cover 2/6
Large, red cover 3/-
Large, hard cover 4/-
Large, superior cover 5/6
Small, soft cover 1/-
Small, red cover 1/6
Small, hard cover 2/6
Small, superior cover 3/6
Prayer Book with Hymns, soft cover 1/6
Prayer Book with Hymns, red cover 1/-
Prayer Book with Hymns, hard cover 3/-
Prayer Book with Hymns, superior cover 4/-
Prayer Book, New Testament and Hymns, red cover, 3/6
Prayer Book, New Testament and Hymns, superior cover, 5/6
Hymns 6d
Words for the Prayerful Heart 3d
I will pay the postage to send the books to you
H W Williams,
Naurea, Gisborne
People wanting a Bible or a New Testament should apply to the Bible Depository Sunday School Union, Auckland.
Bible, 2/6, 3/6, 4/6. Enclose a postage stamp for 1/-.
New Testament with explanatory headings. 2/6, 3/-, 4/6. Enclose a postage stamp for 3d.
Small New Testament with the Psalms. 2/-, 2/6, 3/-, 3/6, 4/-. Enclose a postage stamp for 3d.
Printed and published by H W Williams at Te Rau Printing Works, Berry Street, Gisborne, New Zealand. December 15th, 1916.
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